近日，广东工业大学环境健康与污染控制研究院、环境科学与工程学院李桂英教授、安太成教授团队在工业园周边室内外生物气溶胶的分布特征及其净化器对其健康风险削减方面取得的最新研究进展，研究成果以《Bioaerosols in an industrial park and the adjacent houses: Dispersal between indoor/outdoor, the impact of air purifier, and health risk reduction》为题发表在Environment International (2023, 172, 107778)期刊上。论文第一作者为硕士生张思梦，通讯作者为李桂英教授。生物气溶胶是重要的无处不在的空气污染物，但人们对工业园及其周边地区室内外的生物气溶胶的分布特征及来源却知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们采集了电子垃圾拆解工业园区以及周边居民区室内外的空气样本，以评估工业园区对周边地区生物气溶胶的污染情况及其对居民的健康风险影响，阐明多个室内环境中生物气溶胶的污染状况及其来源，并在此基础上评估空气净化器对室内生物气溶胶的污染和健康风险削减情况。本研究将为工业园区生物气溶胶暴露风险及其控制研究提供重要数据支撑。

论文的网址： https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2023.107778

人平均有80%以上的时间是在室内渡过的，所以即使浓度很低的污染物，在长期作用于人体后，也会对人体健康产生不利影响。生物气溶胶作为一种重要的室内空气污染物，可通过呼吸进入人体造成健康威胁。室内通风情况、环境参数和人类活动等因素都会影响生物气溶胶的丰富度及其多样性。此外，电子垃圾拆解释放出大量的有毒重金属和有机物也会对生物气溶胶造成影响。但目前，对工业园区附近的生物气溶胶的分布特征研究非常缺乏。本文主要对某电子垃圾工业园区及其周边室内外生物气溶胶的群落组成、来源解析及其对居民的健康风险进行了研究，结果发现：早晨生物气溶胶的平均浓度低于晚上；室内生物气溶胶的浓度和活性水平低于工业园区，这可能是因为电子垃圾拆解过程中产生的污染物提高了微生物的活性。细菌群落比真菌更丰富，室内致病菌以Bacillus 和 Cladosporium为主。SourceTracker分析表明：室外是室内生物气溶胶的主要来源，且受到工业园区污染物的影响。根据EPA推荐的健康风险评估方法了可培养生物气溶胶的非致癌风险，发现HQ<1，表明其对人体的健康可以忽略不计，但由于存在致病菌，长期接触这些生物气溶胶可能对免疫力低下人群造成健康风险。空气净化器能有效去除空气中的真菌和球形细菌，但门窗通风会影响其净化效率。本研究对室内环境生物气溶胶的风险评估和控制具有非常重要的意义。

图文摘要

英文摘要

Inhaling airborne pathogens may cause severe epidemics showing huge threats to indoor dwellings residents. The ventilation, environmental parameters, and human activities would affect the abundance and pathogenicity of bioaerosols in indoor. However, people know little about the indoor airborne microbes especially pathogens near the industrial park polluted with organics and heavy metals. Herein, the indoor bioaerosols’ community composition, source and influencing factors near an electronic waste (e-waste) industrial park were investigated. Results showed that the average bioaerosol level in the morning was lower than evening. Bioaerosol concentration and activity in indoor (1936 CFU/m³ and 7.62 × 10⁵ ng/m³ sodium fluorescein in average) were lower than the industrial park (4043 CFU/m³ and 7.77 × 10⁵ ng/m³ sodium fluorescein), and higher microbial viability may be caused by other pollutants generated during e-waste dismantling process. Fluorescent biological aerosol particles occupied 17.6%−23.7% of total particles, indicating that most particles were non-biological. Bacterial communities were richer and more diverse than fungi. Furthermore, Bacillus and Cladosporium were the dominant indoor pathogens, and pathogenic fungi were more influenced by environmental factors than bacteria. SourceTracker analysis indicates that outdoor was the main source of indoor bioaerosols. The hazard quotient (<1) of airborne microbes through inhalation was negligible, but long-term exposure to pathogens could be harmful. Air purifiers could effectively remove the airborne fungi and spheroid bacteria than cylindrical bacteria, but open doors and windows would reduce the purification efficiency. This study is great important for risk assessments and control of indoor bioaerosols near industrial park.